| 19 U.S.C. § 1337 - Unfair practices in import trade |
| Industry is defined as the "Commercial production and sale of goods." |
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| (a) |
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Unlawful activities; covered industries; definitions: |
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(1) |
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Subject to paragraph (2), the following are unlawful, and when found by the Commission to exist shall be dealt with, in addition to any other provision of law, as provided in this section: |
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(A) |
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Unfair methods of competition and unfair acts in the importation of articles (other than articles provided for in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E)) into the United States, or in the sale of such articles by the owner, importer, or consignee, the threat or effect of which is - |
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(i) |
to destroy or substantially injure an industry in the United States; |
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(ii) |
to prevent the establishment of such an industry; or |
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(iii) |
to restrain or monopolize trade and commerce in the United States. |
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(B) |
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The importation into the United States, the sale for importation, or the sale within the United States after importation by the owner, importer, or consignee, of articles that - |
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(i) |
infringe a valid and enforceable United States patent or a valid and enforceable United States copyright registered under title 17; or |
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(ii) |
are made, produced, processed, or mined under, or by means of, a process covered by the claims of a valid and enforceable United States patent. |
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(C) |
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Unfair methods of competition and unfair acts in the importation of articles (other than articles provided for in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E)) into the United States, or in the sale of such articles by the owner, importer, or consignee, the threat or effect of which is - |
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(D) |
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The importation into the United States, the sale for importation, or the sale within the United States after importation by the owner, importer, or consignee, of a semiconductor chip product in a manner that constitutes infringement of a mask work registered under chapter 9 of title 17. |
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(E) |
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The importation into the United States, the sale for importation, or the sale within the United States after importation by the owner, importer, or consigner, of an article that constitutes infringement of the exclusive rights in a design protected under chapter 13 of title 17. |
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(2) |
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Subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of paragraph (1) apply only if an industry in the United States, relating to the articles protected by the patent, copyright, trademark, mask work, or design concerned, exists or is in the process of being established. |
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(3) |
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For purposes of paragraph (2), an industry in the United States shall be considered to exist if there is in the United States, with respect to the articles protected by the patent, copyright, trademark, mask work, or design concerned - |
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(A) |
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significant investment in plant and equipment; |
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(B) |
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significant employment of labor or capital; or |
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(C) |
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substantial investment in its exploitation, including engineering, research and development, or licensing. |
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(4) |
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For the purposes of this section, the phrase ''owner, importer, or consignee'' includes any agent of the owner, importer, or consignee. |
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| (b) |
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Investigation of violations by Commission: |
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(1) |
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The Commission shall investigate any alleged violation of this section on complaint under oath or upon its initiative. |